diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'libraries/Servo')
| -rwxr-xr-x | libraries/Servo/Servo.cpp | 401 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | libraries/Servo/Servo.h | 98 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | libraries/Servo/keywords.txt | 14 |
3 files changed, 345 insertions, 168 deletions
diff --git a/libraries/Servo/Servo.cpp b/libraries/Servo/Servo.cpp index 8578fef..9f58d64 100755 --- a/libraries/Servo/Servo.cpp +++ b/libraries/Servo/Servo.cpp @@ -1,133 +1,268 @@ -#include <avr/interrupt.h> -#include <wiring.h> -#include <Servo.h> - -/* - Servo.h - Hardware Servo Timer Library - Author: Jim Studt, jim@federated.com - Copyright (c) 2007 David A. Mellis. All right reserved. - - This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or - modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public - License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either - version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. - - This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU - Lesser General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public - License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software - Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA -*/ - - -uint8_t Servo::attached9 = 0; -uint8_t Servo::attached10 = 0; - -void Servo::seizeTimer1() -{ - uint8_t oldSREG = SREG; - - cli(); - TCCR1A = _BV(WGM11); /* Fast PWM, ICR1 is top */ - TCCR1B = _BV(WGM13) | _BV(WGM12) /* Fast PWM, ICR1 is top */ - | _BV(CS11) /* div 8 clock prescaler */ - ; - OCR1A = 3000; - OCR1B = 3000; - ICR1 = clockCyclesPerMicrosecond()*(20000L/8); // 20000 uS is a bit fast for the refresh, 20ms, but - // it keeps us from overflowing ICR1 at 20MHz clocks - // That "/8" at the end is the prescaler. -#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) - TIMSK &= ~(_BV(TICIE1) | _BV(OCIE1A) | _BV(OCIE1B) | _BV(TOIE1) ); -#else - TIMSK1 &= ~(_BV(OCIE1A) | _BV(OCIE1B) | _BV(TOIE1) ); -#endif - - SREG = oldSREG; // undo cli() -} - -void Servo::releaseTimer1() {} - -#define NO_ANGLE (0xff) - -Servo::Servo() : pin(0), angle(NO_ANGLE) {} - -uint8_t Servo::attach(int pinArg) -{ - return attach(pinArg, 544, 2400); -} - -uint8_t Servo::attach(int pinArg, int min, int max) -{ - if (pinArg != 9 && pinArg != 10) return 0; - - min16 = min / 16; - max16 = max / 16; - - pin = pinArg; - angle = NO_ANGLE; - digitalWrite(pin, LOW); - pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); - - if (!attached9 && !attached10) seizeTimer1(); - - if (pin == 9) { - attached9 = 1; - TCCR1A = (TCCR1A & ~_BV(COM1A0)) | _BV(COM1A1); - } - - if (pin == 10) { - attached10 = 1; - TCCR1A = (TCCR1A & ~_BV(COM1B0)) | _BV(COM1B1); - } - return 1; -} - -void Servo::detach() -{ - // muck with timer flags - if (pin == 9) { - attached9 = 0; - TCCR1A = TCCR1A & ~_BV(COM1A0) & ~_BV(COM1A1); - pinMode(pin, INPUT); - } - - if (pin == 10) { - attached10 = 0; - TCCR1A = TCCR1A & ~_BV(COM1B0) & ~_BV(COM1B1); - pinMode(pin, INPUT); - } - - if (!attached9 && !attached10) releaseTimer1(); -} - -void Servo::write(int angleArg) -{ - uint16_t p; - - if (angleArg < 0) angleArg = 0; - if (angleArg > 180) angleArg = 180; - angle = angleArg; - - // bleh, have to use longs to prevent overflow, could be tricky if always a 16MHz clock, but not true - // That 8L on the end is the TCNT1 prescaler, it will need to change if the clock's prescaler changes, - // but then there will likely be an overflow problem, so it will have to be handled by a human. - p = (min16*16L*clockCyclesPerMicrosecond() + (max16-min16)*(16L*clockCyclesPerMicrosecond())*angle/180L)/8L; - if (pin == 9) OCR1A = p; - if (pin == 10) OCR1B = p; -} - -uint8_t Servo::read() -{ - return angle; -} - -uint8_t Servo::attached() -{ - if (pin == 9 && attached9) return 1; - if (pin == 10 && attached10) return 1; - return 0; -} +/*
+ Servo.cpp - Interrupt driven Servo library for Arduino using 16 bit timers- Version 2
+ Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Margolis. All right reserved.
+
+ This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+/*
+
+ A servo is activated by creating an instance of the Servo class passing the desired pin to the attach() method.
+ The servos are pulsed in the background using the value most recently written using the write() method
+
+ Note that analogWrite of PWM on pins associated with the timer are disabled when the first servo is attached.
+ Timers are seized as needed in groups of 12 servos - 24 servos use two timers, 48 servos will use four.
+
+ The methods are:
+
+ Servo - Class for manipulating servo motors connected to Arduino pins.
+
+ attach(pin ) - Attaches a servo motor to an i/o pin.
+ attach(pin, min, max ) - Attaches to a pin setting min and max values in microseconds
+ default min is 544, max is 2400
+
+ write() - Sets the servo angle in degrees. (invalid angle that is valid as pulse in microseconds is treated as microseconds)
+ writeMicroseconds() - Sets the servo pulse width in microseconds
+ read() - Gets the last written servo pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180.
+ readMicroseconds() - Gets the last written servo pulse width in microseconds. (was read_us() in first release)
+ attached() - Returns true if there is a servo attached.
+ detach() - Stops an attached servos from pulsing its i/o pin.
+
+*/
+
+#include <avr/interrupt.h>
+#include <WProgram.h>
+
+
+#include "Servo.h"
+
+#define TICKS_PER_uS (clockCyclesPerMicrosecond() / 8) // number of timer ticks per microsecond with prescale of 8
+
+#define SERVOS_PER_TIMER 12 // the maximum number of servos controlled by one timer
+#define TRIM_DURATION (SERVOS_PER_TIMER/2) // compensation ticks to trim adjust for digitalWrite delays
+
+#define NBR_TIMERS (MAX_SERVOS / SERVOS_PER_TIMER)
+
+static servo_t servos[MAX_SERVOS]; // static array of servo structures
+static volatile int8_t Channel[NBR_TIMERS]; // counter for the servo being pulsed for each timer (or -1 if refresh interval)
+#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)
+typedef enum { _timer5, _timer1, _timer3, _timer4 } servoTimer_t; // this is the sequence for timer utilization on mega
+#else
+typedef enum { _timer1 } servoTimer_t; // this is the sequence for timer utilization on other controllers
+#endif
+
+uint8_t ServoCount = 0; // the total number of attached servos
+
+// convenience macros
+#define SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(_servo_nbr) ((servoTimer_t)(_servo_nbr / SERVOS_PER_TIMER)) // returns the timer controlling this servo
+#define SERVO_INDEX_TO_CHANNEL(_servo_nbr) (_servo_nbr % SERVOS_PER_TIMER) // returns the index of the servo on this timer
+#define SERVO_INDEX(_timer,_channel) ((_timer*SERVOS_PER_TIMER) + _channel) // macro to access servo index by timer and channel
+#define SERVO(_timer,_channel) (servos[SERVO_INDEX(_timer,_channel)]) // macro to access servo class by timer and channel
+
+#define SERVO_MIN() (MIN_PULSE_WIDTH - this->min * 4) // minimum value in uS for this servo
+#define SERVO_MAX() (MAX_PULSE_WIDTH - this->max * 4) // maximum value in uS for this servo
+
+/************ static functions common to all instances ***********************/
+
+static inline void handle_interrupts(servoTimer_t timer, volatile uint16_t *TCNTn, volatile uint16_t* OCRnA)
+{
+ if( Channel[timer] < 0 )
+ *TCNTn = 0; // channel set to -1 indicated that refresh interval completed so reset the timer
+ else{
+ if( SERVO_INDEX(timer,Channel[timer]) < ServoCount && SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.isActive == true )
+ digitalWrite( SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.nbr,LOW); // pulse this channel low if activated
+ }
+
+ Channel[timer]++; // increment to the next channel
+ if( SERVO_INDEX(timer,Channel[timer]) < ServoCount && Channel[timer] < SERVOS_PER_TIMER) {
+ *OCRnA = *TCNTn + SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks;
+ if(SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.isActive == true) // check if activated
+ digitalWrite( SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.nbr,HIGH); // its an active channel so pulse it high
+ }
+ else {
+ // finished all channels so wait for the refresh period to expire before starting over
+ if( (unsigned)*TCNTn < (((unsigned int)REFRESH_INTERVAL * TICKS_PER_uS) + 4) ) // allow a few ticks to ensure the next OCR1A not missed
+ *OCRnA = (unsigned int)REFRESH_INTERVAL * TICKS_PER_uS;
+ else
+ *OCRnA = *TCNTn + 4; // at least REFRESH_INTERVAL has elapsed
+ Channel[timer] = -1; // this will get incremented at the end of the refresh period to start again at the first channel
+ }
+}
+
+SIGNAL (TIMER1_COMPA_vect)
+{
+ handle_interrupts(_timer1, &TCNT1, &OCR1A);
+}
+
+#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)
+SIGNAL (TIMER3_COMPA_vect)
+{
+ handle_interrupts(_timer3, &TCNT3, &OCR3A);
+}
+SIGNAL (TIMER4_COMPA_vect)
+{
+ handle_interrupts(_timer4, &TCNT4, &OCR4A);
+}
+SIGNAL (TIMER5_COMPA_vect)
+{
+ handle_interrupts(_timer5, &TCNT5, &OCR5A);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void initISR(servoTimer_t timer)
+{
+ if(timer == _timer1) {
+ TCCR1A = 0; // normal counting mode
+ TCCR1B = _BV(CS11); // set prescaler of 8
+ TCNT1 = 0; // clear the timer count
+#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__)
+ TIFR |= _BV(OCF1A); // clear any pending interrupts;
+ TIMSK |= _BV(OCIE1A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
+#else
+ TIFR1 |= _BV(OCF1A); // clear any pending interrupts;
+ TIMSK1 |= _BV(OCIE1A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
+#endif
+ }
+#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)
+ else if(timer == _timer3) {
+ TCCR3A = 0; // normal counting mode
+ TCCR3B = _BV(CS31); // set prescaler of 8
+ TCNT3 = 0; // clear the timer count
+ TIFR3 = _BV(OCF3A); // clear any pending interrupts;
+ TIMSK3 = _BV(OCIE3A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
+ }
+ else if(timer == _timer4) {
+ TCCR4A = 0; // normal counting mode
+ TCCR4B = _BV(CS41); // set prescaler of 8
+ TCNT4 = 0; // clear the timer count
+ TIFR4 = _BV(OCF4A); // clear any pending interrupts;
+ TIMSK4 = _BV(OCIE4A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
+ }
+ else if(timer == _timer5) {
+ TCCR5A = 0; // normal counting mode
+ TCCR5B = _BV(CS51); // set prescaler of 8
+ TCNT5 = 0; // clear the timer count
+ TIFR5 = _BV(OCF5A); // clear any pending interrupts;
+ TIMSK5 = _BV(OCIE5A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
+ }
+#endif
+}
+
+static boolean isTimerActive(servoTimer_t timer)
+{
+ // returns true if any servo is active on this timer
+ for(uint8_t channel=0; channel < SERVOS_PER_TIMER; channel++) {
+ if(SERVO(timer,channel).Pin.isActive == true)
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+
+/****************** end of static functions ******************************/
+
+Servo::Servo()
+{
+ if( ServoCount < MAX_SERVOS) {
+ this->servoIndex = ServoCount++; // assign a servo index to this instance
+ servos[this->servoIndex].ticks = DEFAULT_PULSE_WIDTH * TICKS_PER_uS; // store default values
+ }
+ else
+ this->servoIndex = INVALID_SERVO ; // too many servos
+}
+
+uint8_t Servo::attach(int pin)
+{
+ return this->attach(pin, MIN_PULSE_WIDTH, MAX_PULSE_WIDTH);
+}
+
+uint8_t Servo::attach(int pin, int min, int max)
+{
+ if(this->servoIndex < MAX_SERVOS ) {
+ pinMode( pin, OUTPUT) ; // set servo pin to output
+ servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.nbr = pin;
+ // todo min/max check: abs(min - MIN_PULSE_WIDTH) /4 < 128
+ this->min = (MIN_PULSE_WIDTH - min)/4; //resolution of min/max is 4 uS
+ this->max = (MAX_PULSE_WIDTH - max)/4;
+ // initialize the timer if it has not already been initialized
+ servoTimer_t timer = SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(servoIndex);
+ if(isTimerActive(timer) == false)
+ initISR(timer);
+ servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive = true; // this must be set after the check for isTimerActive
+ }
+ return this->servoIndex ;
+}
+
+void Servo::detach()
+{
+ servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive = false;
+
+#ifdef FREE_TIMERS
+ if(isTimerActive(SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(servoIndex)) == false) {
+ ;// call to unimplimented function in wiring.c to re-init timer (set timer back to PWM mode) TODO?
+ }
+#endif
+}
+
+void Servo::write(int value)
+{
+ if(value < MIN_PULSE_WIDTH)
+ { // treat values less than 544 as angles in degrees (valid values in microseconds are handled as microseconds)
+ if(value < 0) value = 0;
+ if(value > 180) value = 180;
+ value = map(value, 0, 180, SERVO_MIN(), SERVO_MAX());
+ }
+ this->writeMicroseconds(value);
+}
+
+void Servo::writeMicroseconds(int value)
+{
+ // calculate and store the values for the given channel
+ byte channel = this->servoIndex;
+ if( (channel >= 0) && (channel < MAX_SERVOS) ) // ensure channel is valid
+ {
+ if( value < SERVO_MIN() ) // ensure pulse width is valid
+ value = SERVO_MIN();
+ else if( value > SERVO_MAX() )
+ value = SERVO_MAX();
+
+ value = (value-TRIM_DURATION) * TICKS_PER_uS; // convert to ticks after compensating for interrupt overhead
+ uint8_t oldSREG = SREG;
+ cli();
+ servos[channel].ticks = value;
+ SREG = oldSREG;
+ }
+}
+
+int Servo::read() // return the value as degrees
+{
+ return map( this->readMicroseconds()+1, SERVO_MIN(), SERVO_MAX(), 0, 180);
+}
+
+int Servo::readMicroseconds()
+{
+ unsigned int pulsewidth;
+ if( this->servoIndex != INVALID_SERVO )
+ pulsewidth = (servos[this->servoIndex].ticks / TICKS_PER_uS) + TRIM_DURATION ;
+ else
+ pulsewidth = 0;
+
+ return pulsewidth;
+}
+
+bool Servo::attached()
+{
+ return servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive ;
+}
diff --git a/libraries/Servo/Servo.h b/libraries/Servo/Servo.h index 0b0e8db..9a25c65 100755 --- a/libraries/Servo/Servo.h +++ b/libraries/Servo/Servo.h @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -#ifndef Servo_h -#define Servo_h - /* - Servo.h - Hardware Servo Timer Library - Author: Jim Studt, jim@federated.com - Copyright (c) 2007 David A. Mellis. All right reserved. + Servo.h - Interrupt driven Servo library for Arduino using 16 bit timers- Version 2 + Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Margolis. All right reserved. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public @@ -21,32 +17,76 @@ Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ +/* + + A servo is activated by creating an instance of the Servo class passing the desired pin to the attach() method. + The servos are pulsed in the background using the value most recently written using the write() method + + Note that analogWrite of PWM on pins associated with the timer are disabled when the first servo is attached. + Timers are siezed as needed in groups of 12 servos - 24 servos use two timers, 48 servos will use four. + + The methods are: + + Servo - Class for manipulating servo motors connected to Arduino pins. + + attach(pin ) - Attaches a servo motor to an i/o pin. + attach(pin, min, max ) - Attaches to a pin setting min and max values in microseconds + default min is 544, max is 2400 + + write() - Sets the servo angle in degrees. (invalid angle that is valid as pulse in microseconds is treated as microseconds) + writeMicroseconds() - Sets the servo pulse width in microseconds + read() - Gets the last written servo pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180. + readMicroseconds() - Gets the last written servo pulse width in microseconds. (was read_us() in first release) + attached() - Returns true if there is a servo attached. + detach() - Stops an attached servos from pulsing its i/o pin. + */ + +#ifndef Servo_h +#define Servo_h + #include <inttypes.h> +#define Servo_VERSION 2 // software version of this library + +#define MIN_PULSE_WIDTH 544 // the shortest pulse sent to a servo +#define MAX_PULSE_WIDTH 2400 // the longest pulse sent to a servo +#define DEFAULT_PULSE_WIDTH 1500 // default pulse width when servo is attached +#define REFRESH_INTERVAL 20000 // minumim time to refresh servos in microseconds + +#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) +#define MAX_SERVOS 48 // the maximum number of servos (valid range is from 1 to 48) +#else +#define MAX_SERVOS 12 // this library supports up to 12 on a standard Arduino +#endif + +#define INVALID_SERVO 255 // flag indicating an invalid servo index + +typedef struct { + uint8_t nbr :6 ; // a pin number from 0 to 63 + uint8_t isActive :1 ; // true if this channel is enabled, pin not pulsed if false +} ServoPin_t ; + +typedef struct { + ServoPin_t Pin; + unsigned int ticks; +} servo_t; + class Servo { - private: - uint8_t pin; - uint8_t angle; // in degrees - uint8_t min16; // minimum pulse, 16uS units (default is 34) - uint8_t max16; // maximum pulse, 16uS units, 0-4ms range (default is 150) - static void seizeTimer1(); - static void releaseTimer1(); - static uint8_t attached9; - static uint8_t attached10; - public: - Servo(); - uint8_t attach(int); - // pulse length for 0 degrees in microseconds, 544uS default - // pulse length for 180 degrees in microseconds, 2400uS default - uint8_t attach(int, int, int); - // attach to a pin, sets pinMode, returns 0 on failure, won't - // position the servo until a subsequent write() happens - // Only works for 9 and 10. - void detach(); - void write(int); // specify the angle in degrees, 0 to 180 - uint8_t read(); - uint8_t attached(); +public: + Servo(); + uint8_t attach(int pin); // attach the given pin to the next free channel, sets pinMode, returns channel number or 0 if failure + uint8_t attach(int pin, int min, int max); // as above but also sets min and max values for writes. + void detach(); + void write(int value); // if value is < 200 its treated as an angle, otherwise as pulse width in microseconds + void writeMicroseconds(int value); // Write pulse width in microseconds + int read(); // returns current pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180 degrees + int readMicroseconds(); // returns current pulse width in microseconds for this servo (was read_us() in first release) + bool attached(); // return true if this servo is attached, otherwise false +private: + uint8_t servoIndex; // index into the channel data for this servo + int8_t min; // minimum is this value times 4 added to MIN_PULSE_WIDTH + int8_t max; // maximum is this value times 4 added to MAX_PULSE_WIDTH }; -#endif +#endif
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/libraries/Servo/keywords.txt b/libraries/Servo/keywords.txt index 918c46a..ca5ba79 100755 --- a/libraries/Servo/keywords.txt +++ b/libraries/Servo/keywords.txt @@ -6,16 +6,18 @@ # Datatypes (KEYWORD1) ####################################### -Servo KEYWORD1 +Servo KEYWORD1 ####################################### # Methods and Functions (KEYWORD2) ####################################### -attach KEYWORD2 -detach KEYWORD2 -write KEYWORD2 -read KEYWORD2 -attached KEYWORD2 +attach KEYWORD2 +detach KEYWORD2 +write KEYWORD2 +read KEYWORD2 +attached KEYWORD2 +writeMicroseconds KEYWORD2 +readMicroseconds KEYWORD2 ####################################### # Constants (LITERAL1) |