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+/* This header file is part of the ATMEL AVR-UC3-SoftwareFramework-1.7.0 Release */
+
+/*This file is prepared for Doxygen automatic documentation generation.*/
+/*! \file *********************************************************************
+ *
+ * \brief Compiler file for AVR32.
+ *
+ * This file defines commonly used types and macros.
+ *
+ * - Compiler:           IAR EWAVR32 and GNU GCC for AVR32
+ * - Supported devices:  All AVR32 devices can be used.
+ * - AppNote:
+ *
+ * \author               Atmel Corporation: http://www.atmel.com \n
+ *                       Support and FAQ: http://support.atmel.no/
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Copyright (c) 2009 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ * list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The name of Atmel may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ * from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * 4. This software may only be redistributed and used in connection with an Atmel
+ * AVR product.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ATMEL "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE
+ * EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _COMPILER_H_
+#define _COMPILER_H_
+
+#if ((defined __GNUC__) && (defined __AVR32__)) || (defined __ICCAVR32__ || defined __AAVR32__)
+#  include <avr32/io.h>
+#endif
+#if (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+#  include <intrinsics.h>
+#endif
+#include "preprocessor.h"
+
+#include "parts.h"
+
+
+//_____ D E C L A R A T I O N S ____________________________________________
+
+#ifdef __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__ // Automatically defined when compiling for AVR32, not when assembling.
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+#if (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+
+/*! \name Compiler Keywords
+ *
+ * Port of some keywords from GNU GCC for AVR32 to IAR Embedded Workbench for Atmel AVR32.
+ */
+//! @{
+#define __asm__             asm
+#define __inline__          inline
+#define __volatile__
+//! @}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*! \name Usual Types
+ */
+//! @{
+typedef unsigned char           Bool; //!< Boolean.
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+#if !defined(__bool_true_false_are_defined)
+typedef unsigned char           bool; //!< Boolean.
+#endif
+#endif
+typedef signed char             S8 ;  //!< 8-bit signed integer.
+typedef unsigned char           U8 ;  //!< 8-bit unsigned integer.
+typedef signed short int        S16;  //!< 16-bit signed integer.
+typedef unsigned short int      U16;  //!< 16-bit unsigned integer.
+typedef signed long int         S32;  //!< 32-bit signed integer.
+typedef unsigned long int       U32;  //!< 32-bit unsigned integer.
+typedef signed long long int    S64;  //!< 64-bit signed integer.
+typedef unsigned long long int  U64;  //!< 64-bit unsigned integer.
+typedef float                   F32;  //!< 32-bit floating-point number.
+typedef double                  F64;  //!< 64-bit floating-point number.
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Status Types
+ */
+//! @{
+typedef Bool                Status_bool_t;  //!< Boolean status.
+typedef U8                  Status_t;       //!< 8-bit-coded status.
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Aliasing Aggregate Types
+ */
+//! @{
+
+//! 16-bit union.
+typedef union
+{
+  S16 s16   ;
+  U16 u16   ;
+  S8  s8 [2];
+  U8  u8 [2];
+} Union16;
+
+//! 32-bit union.
+typedef union
+{
+  S32 s32   ;
+  U32 u32   ;
+  S16 s16[2];
+  U16 u16[2];
+  S8  s8 [4];
+  U8  u8 [4];
+} Union32;
+
+//! 64-bit union.
+typedef union
+{
+  S64 s64   ;
+  U64 u64   ;
+  S32 s32[2];
+  U32 u32[2];
+  S16 s16[4];
+  U16 u16[4];
+  S8  s8 [8];
+  U8  u8 [8];
+} Union64;
+
+//! Union of pointers to 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef union
+{
+  S64 *s64ptr;
+  U64 *u64ptr;
+  S32 *s32ptr;
+  U32 *u32ptr;
+  S16 *s16ptr;
+  U16 *u16ptr;
+  S8  *s8ptr ;
+  U8  *u8ptr ;
+} UnionPtr;
+
+//! Union of pointers to volatile 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef union
+{
+  volatile S64 *s64ptr;
+  volatile U64 *u64ptr;
+  volatile S32 *s32ptr;
+  volatile U32 *u32ptr;
+  volatile S16 *s16ptr;
+  volatile U16 *u16ptr;
+  volatile S8  *s8ptr ;
+  volatile U8  *u8ptr ;
+} UnionVPtr;
+
+//! Union of pointers to constant 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef union
+{
+  const S64 *s64ptr;
+  const U64 *u64ptr;
+  const S32 *s32ptr;
+  const U32 *u32ptr;
+  const S16 *s16ptr;
+  const U16 *u16ptr;
+  const S8  *s8ptr ;
+  const U8  *u8ptr ;
+} UnionCPtr;
+
+//! Union of pointers to constant volatile 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef union
+{
+  const volatile S64 *s64ptr;
+  const volatile U64 *u64ptr;
+  const volatile S32 *s32ptr;
+  const volatile U32 *u32ptr;
+  const volatile S16 *s16ptr;
+  const volatile U16 *u16ptr;
+  const volatile S8  *s8ptr ;
+  const volatile U8  *u8ptr ;
+} UnionCVPtr;
+
+//! Structure of pointers to 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef struct
+{
+  S64 *s64ptr;
+  U64 *u64ptr;
+  S32 *s32ptr;
+  U32 *u32ptr;
+  S16 *s16ptr;
+  U16 *u16ptr;
+  S8  *s8ptr ;
+  U8  *u8ptr ;
+} StructPtr;
+
+//! Structure of pointers to volatile 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef struct
+{
+  volatile S64 *s64ptr;
+  volatile U64 *u64ptr;
+  volatile S32 *s32ptr;
+  volatile U32 *u32ptr;
+  volatile S16 *s16ptr;
+  volatile U16 *u16ptr;
+  volatile S8  *s8ptr ;
+  volatile U8  *u8ptr ;
+} StructVPtr;
+
+//! Structure of pointers to constant 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef struct
+{
+  const S64 *s64ptr;
+  const U64 *u64ptr;
+  const S32 *s32ptr;
+  const U32 *u32ptr;
+  const S16 *s16ptr;
+  const U16 *u16ptr;
+  const S8  *s8ptr ;
+  const U8  *u8ptr ;
+} StructCPtr;
+
+//! Structure of pointers to constant volatile 64-, 32-, 16- and 8-bit unsigned integers.
+typedef struct
+{
+  const volatile S64 *s64ptr;
+  const volatile U64 *u64ptr;
+  const volatile S32 *s32ptr;
+  const volatile U32 *u32ptr;
+  const volatile S16 *s16ptr;
+  const volatile U16 *u16ptr;
+  const volatile S8  *s8ptr ;
+  const volatile U8  *u8ptr ;
+} StructCVPtr;
+
+//! @}
+
+#endif  // __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__
+
+
+//_____ M A C R O S ________________________________________________________
+
+/*! \name Usual Constants
+ */
+//! @{
+#define DISABLE   0
+#define ENABLE    1
+#define DISABLED  0
+#define ENABLED   1
+#define OFF       0
+#define ON        1
+#define FALSE     0
+#define TRUE      1
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+#if !defined(__bool_true_false_are_defined)
+#define false     FALSE
+#define true      TRUE
+#endif
+#endif
+#define KO        0
+#define OK        1
+#define PASS      0
+#define FAIL      1
+#define LOW       0
+#define HIGH      1
+#define CLR       0
+#define SET       1
+//! @}
+
+
+#ifdef __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__ // Automatically defined when compiling for AVR32, not when assembling.
+
+/*! \name Bit-Field Handling
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Reads the bits of a value specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param value Value to read bits from.
+ * \param mask  Bit-mask indicating bits to read.
+ *
+ * \return Read bits.
+ */
+#define Rd_bits( value, mask)        ((value) & (mask))
+
+/*! \brief Writes the bits of a C lvalue specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param lvalue  C lvalue to write bits to.
+ * \param mask    Bit-mask indicating bits to write.
+ * \param bits    Bits to write.
+ *
+ * \return Resulting value with written bits.
+ */
+#define Wr_bits(lvalue, mask, bits)  ((lvalue) = ((lvalue) & ~(mask)) |\
+                                                 ((bits  ) &  (mask)))
+
+/*! \brief Tests the bits of a value specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param value Value of which to test bits.
+ * \param mask  Bit-mask indicating bits to test.
+ *
+ * \return \c 1 if at least one of the tested bits is set, else \c 0.
+ */
+#define Tst_bits( value, mask)  (Rd_bits(value, mask) != 0)
+
+/*! \brief Clears the bits of a C lvalue specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param lvalue  C lvalue of which to clear bits.
+ * \param mask    Bit-mask indicating bits to clear.
+ *
+ * \return Resulting value with cleared bits.
+ */
+#define Clr_bits(lvalue, mask)  ((lvalue) &= ~(mask))
+
+/*! \brief Sets the bits of a C lvalue specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param lvalue  C lvalue of which to set bits.
+ * \param mask    Bit-mask indicating bits to set.
+ *
+ * \return Resulting value with set bits.
+ */
+#define Set_bits(lvalue, mask)  ((lvalue) |=  (mask))
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the bits of a C lvalue specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param lvalue  C lvalue of which to toggle bits.
+ * \param mask    Bit-mask indicating bits to toggle.
+ *
+ * \return Resulting value with toggled bits.
+ */
+#define Tgl_bits(lvalue, mask)  ((lvalue) ^=  (mask))
+
+/*! \brief Reads the bit-field of a value specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param value Value to read a bit-field from.
+ * \param mask  Bit-mask indicating the bit-field to read.
+ *
+ * \return Read bit-field.
+ */
+#define Rd_bitfield( value, mask)           (Rd_bits( value, mask) >> ctz(mask))
+
+/*! \brief Writes the bit-field of a C lvalue specified by a given bit-mask.
+ *
+ * \param lvalue    C lvalue to write a bit-field to.
+ * \param mask      Bit-mask indicating the bit-field to write.
+ * \param bitfield  Bit-field to write.
+ *
+ * \return Resulting value with written bit-field.
+ */
+#define Wr_bitfield(lvalue, mask, bitfield) (Wr_bits(lvalue, mask, (U32)(bitfield) << ctz(mask)))
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \brief This macro is used to test fatal errors.
+ *
+ * The macro tests if the expression is FALSE. If it is, a fatal error is
+ * detected and the application hangs up.
+ *
+ * \param expr  Expression to evaluate and supposed to be nonzero.
+ */
+#ifdef _ASSERT_ENABLE_
+  #define Assert(expr) \
+  {\
+    if (!(expr)) while (TRUE);\
+  }
+#else
+  #define Assert(expr)
+#endif
+
+
+/*! \name Zero-Bit Counting
+ *
+ * Under AVR32-GCC, __builtin_clz and __builtin_ctz behave like macros when
+ * applied to constant expressions (values known at compile time), so they are
+ * more optimized than the use of the corresponding assembly instructions and
+ * they can be used as constant expressions e.g. to initialize objects having
+ * static storage duration, and like the corresponding assembly instructions
+ * when applied to non-constant expressions (values unknown at compile time), so
+ * they are more optimized than an assembly periphrasis. Hence, clz and ctz
+ * ensure a possible and optimized behavior for both constant and non-constant
+ * expressions.
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Counts the leading zero bits of the given value considered as a 32-bit integer.
+ *
+ * \param u Value of which to count the leading zero bits.
+ *
+ * \return The count of leading zero bits in \a u.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define clz(u)              __builtin_clz(u)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define clz(u)              __count_leading_zeros(u)
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Counts the trailing zero bits of the given value considered as a 32-bit integer.
+ *
+ * \param u Value of which to count the trailing zero bits.
+ *
+ * \return The count of trailing zero bits in \a u.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define ctz(u)              __builtin_ctz(u)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define ctz(u)              __count_trailing_zeros(u)
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Bit Reversing
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Reverses the bits of \a u8.
+ *
+ * \param u8  U8 of which to reverse the bits.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u8 with reversed bits.
+ */
+#define bit_reverse8(u8)    ((U8)(bit_reverse32((U8)(u8)) >> 24))
+
+/*! \brief Reverses the bits of \a u16.
+ *
+ * \param u16 U16 of which to reverse the bits.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u16 with reversed bits.
+ */
+#define bit_reverse16(u16)  ((U16)(bit_reverse32((U16)(u16)) >> 16))
+
+/*! \brief Reverses the bits of \a u32.
+ *
+ * \param u32 U32 of which to reverse the bits.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u32 with reversed bits.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define bit_reverse32(u32) \
+  (\
+    {\
+      unsigned int __value = (U32)(u32);\
+      __asm__ ("brev\t%0" : "+r" (__value) :  : "cc");\
+      (U32)__value;\
+    }\
+  )
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define bit_reverse32(u32)  ((U32)__bit_reverse((U32)(u32)))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Reverses the bits of \a u64.
+ *
+ * \param u64 U64 of which to reverse the bits.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u64 with reversed bits.
+ */
+#define bit_reverse64(u64)  ((U64)(((U64)bit_reverse32((U64)(u64) >> 32)) |\
+                                   ((U64)bit_reverse32((U64)(u64)) << 32)))
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Alignment
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Tests alignment of the number \a val with the \a n boundary.
+ *
+ * \param val Input value.
+ * \param n   Boundary.
+ *
+ * \return \c 1 if the number \a val is aligned with the \a n boundary, else \c 0.
+ */
+#define Test_align(val, n     ) (!Tst_bits( val, (n) - 1     )   )
+
+/*! \brief Gets alignment of the number \a val with respect to the \a n boundary.
+ *
+ * \param val Input value.
+ * \param n   Boundary.
+ *
+ * \return Alignment of the number \a val with respect to the \a n boundary.
+ */
+#define Get_align( val, n     ) (  Rd_bits( val, (n) - 1     )   )
+
+/*! \brief Sets alignment of the lvalue number \a lval to \a alg with respect to the \a n boundary.
+ *
+ * \param lval  Input/output lvalue.
+ * \param n     Boundary.
+ * \param alg   Alignment.
+ *
+ * \return New value of \a lval resulting from its alignment set to \a alg with respect to the \a n boundary.
+ */
+#define Set_align(lval, n, alg) (  Wr_bits(lval, (n) - 1, alg)   )
+
+/*! \brief Aligns the number \a val with the upper \a n boundary.
+ *
+ * \param val Input value.
+ * \param n   Boundary.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from the number \a val aligned with the upper \a n boundary.
+ */
+#define Align_up(  val, n     ) (((val) + ((n) - 1)) & ~((n) - 1))
+
+/*! \brief Aligns the number \a val with the lower \a n boundary.
+ *
+ * \param val Input value.
+ * \param n   Boundary.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from the number \a val aligned with the lower \a n boundary.
+ */
+#define Align_down(val, n     ) ( (val)              & ~((n) - 1))
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Mathematics
+ *
+ * The same considerations as for clz and ctz apply here but AVR32-GCC does not
+ * provide built-in functions to access the assembly instructions abs, min and
+ * max and it does not produce them by itself in most cases, so two sets of
+ * macros are defined here:
+ *   - Abs, Min and Max to apply to constant expressions (values known at
+ *     compile time);
+ *   - abs, min and max to apply to non-constant expressions (values unknown at
+ *     compile time).
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Takes the absolute value of \a a.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Absolute value of \a a.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Abs(a)              (((a) <  0 ) ? -(a) : (a))
+
+/*! \brief Takes the minimal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ * \param b Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Minimal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Min(a, b)           (((a) < (b)) ?  (a) : (b))
+
+/*! \brief Takes the maximal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ * \param b Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Maximal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Max(a, b)           (((a) > (b)) ?  (a) : (b))
+
+/*! \brief Takes the absolute value of \a a.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Absolute value of \a a.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define abs(a) \
+  (\
+    {\
+      int __value = (a);\
+      __asm__ ("abs\t%0" : "+r" (__value) :  : "cc");\
+      __value;\
+    }\
+  )
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define abs(a)      Abs(a)
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Takes the minimal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ * \param b Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Minimal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define min(a, b) \
+  (\
+    {\
+      int __value, __arg_a = (a), __arg_b = (b);\
+      __asm__ ("min\t%0, %1, %2" : "=r" (__value) : "r" (__arg_a), "r" (__arg_b));\
+      __value;\
+    }\
+  )
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define min(a, b)   __min(a, b)
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Takes the maximal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \param a Input value.
+ * \param b Input value.
+ *
+ * \return Maximal value of \a a and \a b.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define max(a, b) \
+  (\
+    {\
+      int __value, __arg_a = (a), __arg_b = (b);\
+      __asm__ ("max\t%0, %1, %2" : "=r" (__value) : "r" (__arg_a), "r" (__arg_b));\
+      __value;\
+    }\
+  )
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define max(a, b)   __max(a, b)
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \brief Calls the routine at address \a addr.
+ *
+ * It generates a long call opcode.
+ *
+ * For example, `Long_call(0x80000000)' generates a software reset on a UC3 if
+ * it is invoked from the CPU supervisor mode.
+ *
+ * \param addr  Address of the routine to call.
+ *
+ * \note It may be used as a long jump opcode in some special cases.
+ */
+#define Long_call(addr)                   ((*(void (*)(void))(addr))())
+
+/*! \brief Resets the CPU by software.
+ *
+ * \warning It shall not be called from the CPU application mode.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Reset_CPU() \
+  (\
+    {\
+      __asm__ __volatile__ (\
+        "lddpc   r9, 3f\n\t"\
+        "mfsr    r8, %[SR]\n\t"\
+        "bfextu  r8, r8, %[SR_M_OFFSET], %[SR_M_SIZE]\n\t"\
+        "cp.w    r8, 0b001\n\t"\
+        "breq    0f\n\t"\
+        "sub     r8, pc, $ - 1f\n\t"\
+        "pushm   r8-r9\n\t"\
+        "rete\n"\
+        "0:\n\t"\
+        "mtsr    %[SR], r9\n"\
+        "1:\n\t"\
+        "mov     r0, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r1, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r2, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r3, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r4, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r5, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r6, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r7, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r8, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r9, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r10, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r11, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     r12, 0\n\t"\
+        "mov     sp, 0\n\t"\
+        "stdsp   sp[0], sp\n\t"\
+        "ldmts   sp, sp\n\t"\
+        "mov     lr, 0\n\t"\
+        "lddpc   pc, 2f\n\t"\
+        ".balign 4\n"\
+        "2:\n\t"\
+        ".word   _start\n"\
+        "3:\n\t"\
+        ".word   %[RESET_SR]"\
+        :\
+        : [SR] "i" (AVR32_SR),\
+          [SR_M_OFFSET] "i" (AVR32_SR_M_OFFSET),\
+          [SR_M_SIZE] "i" (AVR32_SR_M_SIZE),\
+          [RESET_SR] "i" (AVR32_SR_GM_MASK | AVR32_SR_EM_MASK | (AVR32_SR_M_SUP << AVR32_SR_M_OFFSET))\
+      );\
+    }\
+  )
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Reset_CPU() \
+  {\
+    extern void *volatile __program_start;\
+    __asm__ __volatile__ (\
+      "mov     r7, LWRD(__program_start)\n\t"\
+      "orh     r7, HWRD(__program_start)\n\t"\
+      "mov     r9, LWRD("ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR_GM_MASK | AVR32_SR_EM_MASK | (AVR32_SR_M_SUP << AVR32_SR_M_OFFSET))")\n\t"\
+      "orh     r9, HWRD("ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR_GM_MASK | AVR32_SR_EM_MASK | (AVR32_SR_M_SUP << AVR32_SR_M_OFFSET))")\n\t"\
+      "mfsr    r8, "ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR)"\n\t"\
+      "bfextu  r8, r8, "ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR_M_OFFSET)", "ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR_M_SIZE)"\n\t"\
+      "cp.w    r8, 001b\n\t"\
+      "breq    $ + 10\n\t"\
+      "sub     r8, pc, -12\n\t"\
+      "pushm   r8-r9\n\t"\
+      "rete\n\t"\
+      "mtsr    "ASTRINGZ(AVR32_SR)", r9\n\t"\
+      "mov     r0, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r1, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r2, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r3, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r4, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r5, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r6, 0\n\t"\
+      "st.w    r0[4], r7\n\t"\
+      "mov     r7, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r8, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r9, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r10, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r11, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     r12, 0\n\t"\
+      "mov     sp, 0\n\t"\
+      "stdsp   sp[0], sp\n\t"\
+      "ldmts   sp, sp\n\t"\
+      "mov     lr, 0\n\t"\
+      "ld.w    pc, lr[4]"\
+    );\
+    __program_start;\
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+/*! \name System Register Access
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Gets the value of the \a sysreg system register.
+ *
+ * \param sysreg  Address of the system register of which to get the value.
+ *
+ * \return Value of the \a sysreg system register.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Get_system_register(sysreg)         __builtin_mfsr(sysreg)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Get_system_register(sysreg)         __get_system_register(sysreg)
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Sets the value of the \a sysreg system register to \a value.
+ *
+ * \param sysreg  Address of the system register of which to set the value.
+ * \param value   Value to set the \a sysreg system register to.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Set_system_register(sysreg, value)  __builtin_mtsr(sysreg, value)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Set_system_register(sysreg, value)  __set_system_register(sysreg, value)
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name CPU Status Register Access
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Tells whether exceptions are globally enabled.
+ *
+ * \return \c 1 if exceptions are globally enabled, else \c 0.
+ */
+#define Is_global_exception_enabled()         (!Tst_bits(Get_system_register(AVR32_SR), AVR32_SR_EM_MASK))
+
+/*! \brief Disables exceptions globally.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Disable_global_exception()          ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("ssrf\t%0" :  : "i" (AVR32_SR_EM_OFFSET));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Disable_global_exception()          (__set_status_flag(AVR32_SR_EM_OFFSET))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Enables exceptions globally.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Enable_global_exception()           ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("csrf\t%0" :  : "i" (AVR32_SR_EM_OFFSET));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Enable_global_exception()           (__clear_status_flag(AVR32_SR_EM_OFFSET))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Tells whether interrupts are globally enabled.
+ *
+ * \return \c 1 if interrupts are globally enabled, else \c 0.
+ */
+#define Is_global_interrupt_enabled()         (!Tst_bits(Get_system_register(AVR32_SR), AVR32_SR_GM_MASK))
+
+/*! \brief Disables interrupts globally.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Disable_global_interrupt()          ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("ssrf\t%0" :  : "i" (AVR32_SR_GM_OFFSET));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Disable_global_interrupt()          (__disable_interrupt())
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Enables interrupts globally.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Enable_global_interrupt()           ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("csrf\t%0" :  : "i" (AVR32_SR_GM_OFFSET));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Enable_global_interrupt()           (__enable_interrupt())
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Tells whether interrupt level \a int_level is enabled.
+ *
+ * \param int_level Interrupt level (0 to 3).
+ *
+ * \return \c 1 if interrupt level \a int_level is enabled, else \c 0.
+ */
+#define Is_interrupt_level_enabled(int_level) (!Tst_bits(Get_system_register(AVR32_SR), TPASTE3(AVR32_SR_I, int_level, M_MASK)))
+
+/*! \brief Disables interrupt level \a int_level.
+ *
+ * \param int_level Interrupt level to disable (0 to 3).
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Disable_interrupt_level(int_level)  ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("ssrf\t%0" :  : "i" (TPASTE3(AVR32_SR_I, int_level, M_OFFSET)));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Disable_interrupt_level(int_level)  (__set_status_flag(TPASTE3(AVR32_SR_I, int_level, M_OFFSET)))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Enables interrupt level \a int_level.
+ *
+ * \param int_level Interrupt level to enable (0 to 3).
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Enable_interrupt_level(int_level)   ({__asm__ __volatile__ ("csrf\t%0" :  : "i" (TPASTE3(AVR32_SR_I, int_level, M_OFFSET)));})
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Enable_interrupt_level(int_level)   (__clear_status_flag(TPASTE3(AVR32_SR_I, int_level, M_OFFSET)))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Protects subsequent code from interrupts.
+ */
+#define AVR32_ENTER_CRITICAL_REGION( ) \
+  { \
+  Bool global_interrupt_enabled = Is_global_interrupt_enabled(); \
+  Disable_global_interrupt(); // Disable the appropriate interrupts.
+
+/*! \brief This macro must always be used in conjunction with AVR32_ENTER_CRITICAL_REGION
+ *         so that interrupts are enabled again.
+ */
+#define AVR32_LEAVE_CRITICAL_REGION( ) \
+  if (global_interrupt_enabled) Enable_global_interrupt(); \
+  }
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Debug Register Access
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Gets the value of the \a dbgreg debug register.
+ *
+ * \param dbgreg  Address of the debug register of which to get the value.
+ *
+ * \return Value of the \a dbgreg debug register.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Get_debug_register(dbgreg)          __builtin_mfdr(dbgreg)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Get_debug_register(dbgreg)          __get_debug_register(dbgreg)
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Sets the value of the \a dbgreg debug register to \a value.
+ *
+ * \param dbgreg  Address of the debug register of which to set the value.
+ * \param value   Value to set the \a dbgreg debug register to.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define Set_debug_register(dbgreg, value)   __builtin_mtdr(dbgreg, value)
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define Set_debug_register(dbgreg, value)   __set_debug_register(dbgreg, value)
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+#endif  // __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__
+
+
+//! Boolean evaluating MCU little endianism.
+#if ((defined __GNUC__) && (defined __AVR32__)) || ((defined __ICCAVR32__) || (defined __AAVR32__))
+  #define LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU     FALSE
+#else
+  #error If you are here, you should check what is exactly the processor you are using...
+  #define LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU     FALSE
+#endif
+
+// Check that MCU endianism is correctly defined.
+#ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU
+  #error YOU MUST define the MCU endianism with LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU: either FALSE or TRUE
+#endif
+
+//! Boolean evaluating MCU big endianism.
+#define BIG_ENDIAN_MCU        (!LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU)
+
+
+#ifdef __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__ // Automatically defined when compiling for AVR32, not when assembling.
+
+/*! \name MCU Endianism Handling
+ */
+//! @{
+
+#if (LITTLE_ENDIAN_MCU==TRUE)
+  #define LSB(u16)        (((U8  *)&(u16))[0])  //!< Least significant byte of \a u16.
+  #define MSB(u16)        (((U8  *)&(u16))[1])  //!< Most significant byte of \a u16.
+
+  #define LSH(u32)        (((U16 *)&(u32))[0])  //!< Least significant half-word of \a u32.
+  #define MSH(u32)        (((U16 *)&(u32))[1])  //!< Most significant half-word of \a u32.
+  #define LSB0W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[0])  //!< Least significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB1W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[1])  //!< Least significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB2W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[2])  //!< Least significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB3W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[3])  //!< Least significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB3W(u32)      LSB0W(u32)            //!< Most significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB2W(u32)      LSB1W(u32)            //!< Most significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB1W(u32)      LSB2W(u32)            //!< Most significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB0W(u32)      LSB3W(u32)            //!< Most significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+
+  #define LSW(u64)        (((U32 *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Least significant word of \a u64.
+  #define MSW(u64)        (((U32 *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Most significant word of \a u64.
+  #define LSH0(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Least significant half-word of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH1(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Least significant half-word of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH2(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[2])  //!< Least significant half-word of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH3(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[3])  //!< Least significant half-word of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH3(u64)       LSH0(u64)             //!< Most significant half-word of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH2(u64)       LSH1(u64)             //!< Most significant half-word of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH1(u64)       LSH2(u64)             //!< Most significant half-word of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH0(u64)       LSH3(u64)             //!< Most significant half-word of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB0D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Least significant byte of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB1D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Least significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB2D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[2])  //!< Least significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB3D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[3])  //!< Least significant byte of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB4D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[4])  //!< Least significant byte of 5th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB5D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[5])  //!< Least significant byte of 6th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB6D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[6])  //!< Least significant byte of 7th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB7D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[7])  //!< Least significant byte of 8th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB7D(u64)      LSB0D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 8th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB6D(u64)      LSB1D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 7th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB5D(u64)      LSB2D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 6th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB4D(u64)      LSB3D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 5th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB3D(u64)      LSB4D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB2D(u64)      LSB5D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB1D(u64)      LSB6D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB0D(u64)      LSB7D(u64)            //!< Most significant byte of 1st rank of \a u64.
+
+#elif (BIG_ENDIAN_MCU==TRUE) 
+  #define MSB(u16)        (((U8  *)&(u16))[0])  //!< Most significant byte of \a u16.
+  #define LSB(u16)        (((U8  *)&(u16))[1])  //!< Least significant byte of \a u16.
+
+  #define MSH(u32)        (((U16 *)&(u32))[0])  //!< Most significant half-word of \a u32.
+  #define LSH(u32)        (((U16 *)&(u32))[1])  //!< Least significant half-word of \a u32.
+  #define MSB0W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[0])  //!< Most significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB1W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[1])  //!< Most significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB2W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[2])  //!< Most significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+  #define MSB3W(u32)      (((U8  *)&(u32))[3])  //!< Most significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB3W(u32)      MSB0W(u32)            //!< Least significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB2W(u32)      MSB1W(u32)            //!< Least significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB1W(u32)      MSB2W(u32)            //!< Least significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+  #define LSB0W(u32)      MSB3W(u32)            //!< Least significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+
+  #define MSW(u64)        (((U32 *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Most significant word of \a u64.
+  #define LSW(u64)        (((U32 *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Least significant word of \a u64.
+  #define MSH0(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Most significant half-word of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH1(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Most significant half-word of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH2(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[2])  //!< Most significant half-word of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSH3(u64)       (((U16 *)&(u64))[3])  //!< Most significant half-word of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH3(u64)       MSH0(u64)             //!< Least significant half-word of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH2(u64)       MSH1(u64)             //!< Least significant half-word of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH1(u64)       MSH2(u64)             //!< Least significant half-word of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSH0(u64)       MSH3(u64)             //!< Least significant half-word of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB0D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[0])  //!< Most significant byte of 1st rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB1D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[1])  //!< Most significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB2D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[2])  //!< Most significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB3D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[3])  //!< Most significant byte of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB4D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[4])  //!< Most significant byte of 5th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB5D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[5])  //!< Most significant byte of 6th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB6D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[6])  //!< Most significant byte of 7th rank of \a u64.
+  #define MSB7D(u64)      (((U8  *)&(u64))[7])  //!< Most significant byte of 8th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB7D(u64)      MSB0D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 8th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB6D(u64)      MSB1D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 7th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB5D(u64)      MSB2D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 6th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB4D(u64)      MSB3D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 5th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB3D(u64)      MSB4D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 4th rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB2D(u64)      MSB5D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB1D(u64)      MSB6D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u64.
+  #define LSB0D(u64)      MSB7D(u64)            //!< Least significant byte of 1st rank of \a u64.
+
+#else
+  #error  Unknown endianism.
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Endianism Conversion
+ *
+ * The same considerations as for clz and ctz apply here but AVR32-GCC's
+ * __builtin_bswap_16 and __builtin_bswap_32 do not behave like macros when
+ * applied to constant expressions, so two sets of macros are defined here:
+ *   - Swap16, Swap32 and Swap64 to apply to constant expressions (values known
+ *     at compile time);
+ *   - swap16, swap32 and swap64 to apply to non-constant expressions (values
+ *     unknown at compile time).
+ */
+//! @{
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u16 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u16 U16 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u16 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Swap16(u16) ((U16)(((U16)(u16) >> 8) |\
+                           ((U16)(u16) << 8)))
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u32 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u32 U32 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u32 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Swap32(u32) ((U32)(((U32)Swap16((U32)(u32) >> 16)) |\
+                           ((U32)Swap16((U32)(u32)) << 16)))
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u64 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u64 U64 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u64 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values known at compile time.
+ */
+#define Swap64(u64) ((U64)(((U64)Swap32((U64)(u64) >> 32)) |\
+                           ((U64)Swap32((U64)(u64)) << 32)))
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u16 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u16 U16 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u16 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define swap16(u16) ((U16)__builtin_bswap_16((U16)(u16)))
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define swap16(u16) ((U16)__swap_bytes_in_halfwords((U16)(u16)))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u32 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u32 U32 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u32 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#if (defined __GNUC__)
+  #define swap32(u32) ((U32)__builtin_bswap_32((U32)(u32)))
+#elif (defined __ICCAVR32__)
+  #define swap32(u32) ((U32)__swap_bytes((U32)(u32)))
+#endif
+
+/*! \brief Toggles the endianism of \a u64 (by swapping its bytes).
+ *
+ * \param u64 U64 of which to toggle the endianism.
+ *
+ * \return Value resulting from \a u64 with toggled endianism.
+ *
+ * \note More optimized if only used with values unknown at compile time.
+ */
+#define swap64(u64) ((U64)(((U64)swap32((U64)(u64) >> 32)) |\
+                           ((U64)swap32((U64)(u64)) << 32)))
+
+//! @}
+
+
+/*! \name Target Abstraction
+ */
+//! @{
+
+#define _GLOBEXT_           extern      //!< extern storage-class specifier.
+#define _CONST_TYPE_        const       //!< const type qualifier.
+#define _MEM_TYPE_SLOW_                 //!< Slow memory type.
+#define _MEM_TYPE_MEDFAST_              //!< Fairly fast memory type.
+#define _MEM_TYPE_FAST_                 //!< Fast memory type.
+
+typedef U8                  Byte;       //!< 8-bit unsigned integer.
+
+#define memcmp_ram2ram      memcmp      //!< Target-specific memcmp of RAM to RAM.
+#define memcmp_code2ram     memcmp      //!< Target-specific memcmp of RAM to NVRAM.
+#define memcpy_ram2ram      memcpy      //!< Target-specific memcpy from RAM to RAM.
+#define memcpy_code2ram     memcpy      //!< Target-specific memcpy from NVRAM to RAM.
+
+#define LSB0(u32)           LSB0W(u32)  //!< Least significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+#define LSB1(u32)           LSB1W(u32)  //!< Least significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+#define LSB2(u32)           LSB2W(u32)  //!< Least significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+#define LSB3(u32)           LSB3W(u32)  //!< Least significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+#define MSB3(u32)           MSB3W(u32)  //!< Most significant byte of 4th rank of \a u32.
+#define MSB2(u32)           MSB2W(u32)  //!< Most significant byte of 3rd rank of \a u32.
+#define MSB1(u32)           MSB1W(u32)  //!< Most significant byte of 2nd rank of \a u32.
+#define MSB0(u32)           MSB0W(u32)  //!< Most significant byte of 1st rank of \a u32.
+
+//! @}
+
+#endif  // __AVR32_ABI_COMPILER__
+
+
+#endif  // _COMPILER_H_