# Arduino makefile # # This makefile allows you to build sketches from the command line # without the Arduino environment (or Java). # # The Arduino environment does preliminary processing on a sketch before # compiling it. If you're using this makefile instead, you'll need to do # a few things differently: # # - Give your program's file a .cpp extension (e.g. foo.cpp). # # - Put this line at top of your code: #include # # - Write prototypes for all your functions (or define them before you # call them). A prototype declares the types of parameters a # function will take and what type of value it will return. This # means that you can have a call to a function before the definition # of the function. A function prototype looks like the first line of # the function, with a semi-colon at the end. For example: # int digitalRead(int pin); # # - Write a main() function for your program that returns an int, calls # init() and setup() once (in that order), and then calls loop() # repeatedly(): # # int main() # { # init(); # setup(); # # for (;;) # loop(); # # return 0; # } # # Instructions for using the makefile: # # 1. Copy this file into the folder with your sketch. # # 2. Below, modify the line containing "TARGET" to refer to the name of # of your program's file without an extension (e.g. TARGET = foo). # # 3. Modify the line containg "ARDUINO" to point the directory that # contains the Arduino core (for normal Arduino installations, this # is the lib/targets/arduino sub-directory). # # 4. Modify the line containing "PORT" to refer to the filename # representing the USB or serial connection to your Arduino board # (e.g. PORT = /dev/tty.USB0). If the exact name of this file # changes, you can use * as a wildcard (e.g. PORT = /dev/tty.USB*). # # 5. At the command line, change to the directory containing your # program's file and the makefile. # # 6. Type "make" and press enter to compile/verify your program. # # 7. Type "make upload", reset your Arduino board, and press enter to # upload your program to the Arduino board. # # $Id$ PORT = /dev/tty.usbserial* TARGET = foo ARDUINO = arduino SRC = $(ARDUINO)/pins_arduino.c $(ARDUINO)/wiring.c \ $(ARDUINO)/wiring_analog.c $(ARDUINO)/wiring_digital.c \ $(ARDUINO)/wiring_pulse.c $(ARDUINO)/wiring_serial.c \ $(ARDUINO)/wiring_shift.c $(ARDUINO)/WInterrupts.c CXXSRC = $(ARDUINO)/HardwareSerial.cpp $(ARDUINO)/WRandom.cpp MCU = atmega168 F_CPU = 16000000 FORMAT = ihex UPLOAD_RATE = 19200 # Name of this Makefile (used for "make depend"). MAKEFILE = Makefile # Debugging format. # Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are stabs [default], or dwarf-2. # AVR (extended) COFF requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run. DEBUG = stabs OPT = s # Place -D or -U options here CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) CXXDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) # Place -I options here CINCS = -I$(ARDUINO) CXXINCS = -I$(ARDUINO) # Compiler flag to set the C Standard level. # c89 - "ANSI" C # gnu89 - c89 plus GCC extensions # c99 - ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented) # gnu99 - c99 plus GCC extensions CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99 CDEBUG = -g$(DEBUG) CWARN = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes CTUNING = -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums #CEXTRA = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst) CFLAGS = $(CDEBUG) $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) -O$(OPT) $(CWARN) $(CSTANDARD) $(CEXTRA) CXXFLAGS = $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) -O$(OPT) #ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs LDFLAGS = -lm # Programming support using avrdude. Settings and variables. AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = stk500 AVRDUDE_PORT = $(PORT) AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -F -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) \ -b $(UPLOAD_RATE) # Program settings CC = avr-gcc CXX = avr-g++ OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy OBJDUMP = avr-objdump AR = avr-ar SIZE = avr-size NM = avr-nm AVRDUDE = avrdude REMOVE = rm -f MV = mv -f # Define all object files. OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o) # Define all listing files. LST = $(ASRC:.S=.lst) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.lst) $(SRC:.c=.lst) # Combine all necessary flags and optional flags. # Add target processor to flags. ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) ALL_CXXFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CXXFLAGS) ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS) # Default target. all: build build: elf hex elf: $(TARGET).elf hex: $(TARGET).hex eep: $(TARGET).eep lss: $(TARGET).lss sym: $(TARGET).sym # Program the device. upload: $(TARGET).hex $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) # Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB. COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \ --change-section-address .data-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 coff: $(TARGET).elf $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).cof extcoff: $(TARGET).elf $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).cof .SUFFIXES: .elf .hex .eep .lss .sym .elf.hex: $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@ .elf.eep: -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \ --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@ # Create extended listing file from ELF output file. .elf.lss: $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@ # Create a symbol table from ELF output file. .elf.sym: $(NM) -n $< > $@ core.a: $(OBJ) @for i in $(OBJ); do echo $(AR) rcs core.a $$i; $(AR) rcs core.a $$i; done # Link: create ELF output file from library. $(TARGET).elf: core.a $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(TARGET).cpp -L. core.a $(LDFLAGS) # Compile: create object files from C++ source files. .cpp.o: $(CXX) -c $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Compile: create object files from C source files. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Compile: create assembler files from C source files. .c.s: $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Assemble: create object files from assembler source files. .S.o: $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Target: clean project. clean: $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep $(TARGET).cof $(TARGET).elf \ $(TARGET).map $(TARGET).sym $(TARGET).lss core.a \ $(OBJ) $(LST) $(SRC:.c=.s) $(SRC:.c=.d) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.s) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.d) depend: if grep '^# DO NOT DELETE' $(MAKEFILE) >/dev/null; \ then \ sed -e '/^# DO NOT DELETE/,$$d' $(MAKEFILE) > \ $(MAKEFILE).$$$$ && \ $(MV) $(MAKEFILE).$$$$ $(MAKEFILE); \ fi echo '# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE -- make depend depends on it.' \ >> $(MAKEFILE); \ $(CC) -M -mmcu=$(MCU) $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) $(SRC) $(ASRC) >> $(MAKEFILE) .PHONY: all build elf hex eep lss sym program coff extcoff clean depend